Aloysie Cyanzayire served as the first woman Chief Justice of Rwanda from 2004 to 2014. Cyanzayire was born in the Southern Province of Rwanda. She then obtained a scientific background by attending one of the first science schools created solely for girls. She used that knowledge and drive to then reach a bachelors in law degree at the National University of Rwanda.

During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, Cyanzayire served as a judge of Butare. Following the genocide, she became the Secretary General for the Ministry of Justice and concurrently operated as an advisor for the Office Rwandais d’Information. She was elected as the head for the local-level system for the post-genocide reconciliation courts by the Parliament. Cyanzayire then served as one of six vice presidents of the Supreme Court. She became the deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as her next position. Cyanzayire was elected the President of the Supreme Court of Rwanda by the Senate in 2003. Since her election, the title of the position has been altered to be Chief Justice, as Rwanda has updated their legal system.

In 2011, she reached the eight-year limit for the Supreme Court and left the court in favor of becoming the Chief Ombudsperson for Rwanda. The Chief Ombudsperson is responsible for investigate complaints against public authorities in the Rwandan government.